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Australia - June · 2024

2024 Australia - June

A quiet rural main street lined with shops leads up to green wooded hills.
A friendly grocer supermarket displays bright signage and potted plants out front. A weathered timber house on stilts has a wrap-around verandah crammed with stored items. A white egret and dark heron wade through breaking ocean foam. A row of pelicans and gulls rest on a muddy lakeside sandbar. A metal barbecue, chopped firewood and a green camp chair sit in a woodland clearing. A dry gully shows pale eroded banks and fallen timber under a forest. Grey dead stumps rise from a calm wetland fringed by green mangroves. Pale mangrove trunks and aerial roots stand in dark mud under dappled light. Young mangrove shoots sprout green leaves among a thicket of dark aerial roots. A wooden boardwalk with railings runs through a leafy mangrove forest. A black-and-white songbird rests on a weathered blue-painted wooden bench. A brown plover with a yellow face picks its way through short green grass. Rows of white homes with rooftop solar panels sit on a leafy hill under blue sky. White-roofed houses and palm trees crown a sunny hillside suburb. A white motor yacht floats on calm water above a low-tide shoreline. A small motor cruiser glides across a wide blue bay toward distant hills. People gather beside a white gazebo under a large tree at a waterside park. Blue bay water stretches toward a low tree-lined shoreline on the horizon. A modern two-storey home with an angular metal roof and a glass balcony lined with grey wicker chairs. A classic white weatherboard house with a full-width balcony behind a white picket fence. An ornate white house with a decorated balcony, an external stair, and a white picket fence. Three salt-worn fishing boats sit high and dry on a muddy riverbank at low tide. A white cruiser named African Queen sits on a muddy mangrove bank with a small dog aboard. A sunset view over a hillside suburb with a white water tower and a forested ridge. Densely packed veranda homes with varied roofs spread across a leafy hillside in warm light. A long modern apartment complex glows amber on a wooded hillside above scattered homes. A red gravel road winds through a tunnel of tall green trees. A pale house with a green roof sits among dense trees on a grassy hillside. A red tin building selling landscaping and gardening supplies stands beside a tall windmill. Cattle graze a dry golden field below farm buildings and a hazy blue ridge. A grassy ridge dotted with eucalypts rises above a dry fenced paddock. Horses graze in a paddock beside a metal windmill and a stock shelter. A black-and-gold rooster with a red comb stands on a paved road. A sandy dirt lane with a cattle grid passes between post-and-rail fences. A still lagoon reflects the sky beneath a tree-lined ridge. A dark waterbird spreads its wings to touch down on a still lake. An empty asphalt road curves through sunlit, tree-dotted hills. An old lichen-covered stone structure rests on a rocky granite surface. From a high lookout, forested hills roll toward distant blue ridges. A lone white house perches on a forested, sunlit hilltop. Sunlit fields and forest roll across gentle hills under a blue sky. A sharp volcanic-looking peak rises behind a forested lake. A wide view of tree-covered hills stretching toward distant blue mountains. A bright aerial view of a coastal settlement around a boat-dotted estuary. Houses crowned on a green ridge above grassy paddocks and wooded hills. A curving blue lake threads through dense forest and patchwork farmland. A small black-and-white bird with a white belly stands on a rough timber post. A straight suburban street lined with white apartment blocks and parked cars. People lounge under a striped canvas tent on the sand by the surf. A brightly striped beach umbrella casts shade over a towel and beach bag. A woman walks across a sandy beach carrying a surfboard beside a tree-topped headland. People walk and sit on a wide sandy beach as waves break beside a distant wooded headland. Two people stand in shallow water casting fishing rods while a coastal town rises on a hillside behind them. A surfer walks across glistening wet sand carrying a board toward the breaking waves. A surfer rides a curling turquoise wave with white spray as the blue sea stretches to the horizon. A young woman holds a surfboard while a group of friends stand together on the sand. Surfers and swimmers ride the break in front of a tree-topped headland as waves reach the wet sand. A surfer in a wetsuit rides a low breaking wave over deep blue water and white foam. A wide sandy beach under clear blue sky with gentle surf and a headland in the distance. A timber boardwalk curves through green trees toward the water in the distance. Rustic timber steps with wooden handrails lead down through thick green foliage. Tall coastal pandanus trees display long strap-like leaves and a round golden fruit. A round, knobbly pandanus fruit nestles among long spiky green leaves. A quiet seaside street lined with a two-storey house, parked cars and a shared-zone sign. People walk and sit on a wide beach with surf and a distant headland, dune grass in the foreground. People sit and relax on a broad sandy beach under a blue sky with scattered clouds. A small white watchtower with a railed balcony stands on stilts among dense coastal bush. Waves roll onto a wide sandy beach, framed by dark overhanging branch tips. A dark crow grips a branch, its pale eye catching the light against the sky. Visitors watch a small cove from a fence railing as a curved road passes below. Bright surf washes a rocky shore beneath oceanfront towers and a long sandy bay. Two people pick their way across a shallow rock pool among jagged coastal rocks. Many people walk a long sandy beach while waves roll in and a tower stands on the far hill. A sandy path between wooden posts and rope runs through a shady arch of coastal trees. People walk and sit along a wide sandy beach as dogs run near the surf. A smiling woman in a black wetsuit stands balanced on a surfboard riding a wave. People and dogs fill a sandy cove as waves roll in beneath apartment towers. A dog and a person wade in the surf on the far shore of a wide ocean bay. Lines of white surf break across a beach beneath a hazy blue sky. A blue-and-white striped beach tent shades people relaxing on the sand. Dark blue water leads to a beach and a hillside suburb of houses among trees. A man in a yellow shirt stands fishing from a bright red motorboat on blue water. Sandy beach below an orange-red cliff topped with pandanus and grass Blue shelter wall painted with wading shorebirds at Maroochy River Cinderblock wall painted with shorebirds under a shelter's hip roof Shallow tidal channels weave through pale sandbars towards a small boat A row of pelicans stands on a sandbar crossed by boats A row of modern apartment towers rises behind a marina and calm water Apartment towers and a tree-lined shore face a wide calm river Several white sailboats glide along the distant sea horizon A man and a child in swimwear rest on the shore beside a wall of weathered green sandbags facing the surf. Small watercraft race across white-capped surf with a sailboat and a green headland in the hazy distance. One person stands upright on a paddleboard while a motorboat and distant boats bob beyond the waves. People play in the shallow surf below a tree-lined headland crowded with homes and apartments. Two people sit in folding chairs on a low sandbank next to a small boat, with calm water and lush trees around. A solo paddler stands in shallow water near a grassy shore with a canoe and gear resting on the bank. A large white cruise liner crosses calm blue water while a dark forested cape rises on the horizon. A white motorboat carrying several passengers races over calm water, trailing a bright wake behind it. Coastal homes line a fenced dune above a sandy beach. People walk the shoreline of a wide, curving beach. A cruise ship passes a hazy coastline under circling seagulls. Tall pines stand reflected in a calm, still inlet. Two men fish from a rocky shore on a calm blue sea. A huge spreading fig tree shades a curving stone plaza. A pink and grey galah perches in sunlit pine branches. An old timber cabin sits on stumps above a grassy bank. A classic farmhouse with a white verandah stands beside a fenced green paddock. An empty asphalt road curves through eucalyptus countryside beneath a bright sky. A sheer forested mountain rises above rolling green hills against a blue sky. A teal welcome sign invites travelers to Woodenbong in Githabul Country. A small rural roadhouse offers petrol and diesel beneath a flat white canopy. An old corrugated shed shelters a vintage truck behind a blue hoist crane. An abandoned farm shed with rusted iron roofs stands among tall grass and banana plants. A grand white homestead with a wraparound verandah sits behind blooming bougainvillea. A single-storey home with a veranda sits on a grassy hillside. A quiet suburban street lined with shops and parked cars at dusk. A timber country hotel with a veranda lights up at night. A jet ski races across the water in front of canal-front homes. Geese graze on the bank in front of large waterfront houses. A large canal-front home with a pool and dock reflects in the water. A row of houses along a tranquil canal reflects in the water. A tall white waterfront home stands behind cypress trees and a boat dock. Still blue water mirrors the houses lining a quiet residential riverfront. A still green river pool lies between dark boulders in a dense forest gorge. A clear stream flows over stones beneath tall trees and a grassy bank. A winding road cuts through green paddocks beneath distant blue hills. Rural houses and palm trees scatter across gently sloping green hillsides. Farm houses rest on green hills with dense forest and distant ridge dwellings. Sparse trees dot the grassy slopes beneath hazy blue forested hills. A pale half moon hangs alone in a clear blue daytime sky. A light blue stilt house with a white balcony overlooks lush palms. Dark pandanus leaves frame a sunlit path down to the ocean. People stroll with dogs across a broad sandy beach. Anglers cast lines from rocks at the water's edge. A pelican skims just above the breaking surf. A sandy trail winds through pandanus on a fenced track. A pandanus spreads its prop roots over sandy ground. Tall palms screen a white apartment building with balconies. A spiky pandanus tree stands on a grassy headland over a deep blue ocean. A long beach curves into the distance beneath rolling hills. People gather on a grassy point overlooking the ocean. A white gull glides over dark rocks scattered beside the blue sea. A green coastal hill with a walking track rises above a sandy beach. Fishermen cast their lines from a rocky point into rolling surf. Silhouetted fishermen cast long rods over bright breaking waves. A bride in a white gown steps along the sand by the sea. Waves roll onto a sandy beach beneath a green, rocky headland. A surfer stands on a breaking wave while another waits nearby. A bare-chested surfer stands with arms spread on a breaking wave. People walk uphill past dark boulders and fan-leaved trees. People stand on a wooden platform surrounded by thick leafy trees. Visitors sit and stroll on a rocky grassy slope with wooden walkways. High-rise towers and a highway light up a dark waterfront at night. A lit main street runs between neon signs and a curved-roof building. A sprawling city shines with warm lights under a dark night sky. Kangaroos feed on a green field with a magpie in the foreground. Kangaroos feed across a grassy meadow edged by bushes and a tree. A kangaroo leans down to feed on short green grass. Three kangaroos feed among tall grass and wild blue flowers. Kangaroos share a grassy field with a masked lapwing by a fence. A magpie pecks the grass while kangaroos feed behind it. A single kangaroo stands head-down grazing on green grass. Pale peeling paperbark trunks rise from a green, algae-covered swamp. Slender paperbark trunks with waterline marks rise from a green, algae-covered pool. A muddy pool mirrors the paperbark trunks rising from dark floodwater. Warm-lit, peeling bark frames a shadowy grove of dark reflective water. A green lorikeet with orange and blue touches bends to drink from a gravel-road puddle. A colorful lorikeet stands at the edge of a puddle, its green body mirrored in the water. A rainbow lorikeet leans low to sip from a puddle on a pebbled road. A pair of kangaroos feed on grass at the edge of a shaded woodland. A kangaroo bends low to graze in a clearing between tall tree trunks. Three kangaroos rest and graze on grass beneath the trees. A kangaroo stands upright in profile, framed by dark overhanging leaves. One kangaroo stands watch while others graze and rest across the meadow. Pine branches heavy with cones reach into a clear blue sky. A tangle of pine branches packed with cones against a bright sky. An adult kangaroo and a small joey graze together at the edge of the wood. A kangaroo grazes in the foreground as more rest in the dappled grass behind. An adult kangaroo feeds in dappled light with a young joey at her side. A bareback rider on a horse stands with surfers holding a board on the sand. The Hastings Point General Store fronts a busy road with coffee, takeaway and bottle shop signs. Two surfers carry their boards at the water's edge while others relax on the beach. Spiky pandanus leaves surround clusters of ripening fruit on a coastal plant. A pandanus tree borders a sandy beach looking out toward a rocky breakwater. A rider gallops a horse along the beach, towing a surfer who skims the water on his board. A grey crested pigeon stands on a paved path in bright sun, casting a sharp shadow. A rider gallops along the sand as a person waterskis across the surf. A rider on a horse races a woman gliding over the water on a wakeboard. Exposed roots and dry leaves blanket the sand beneath a dense coastal tree grove. Bright sun drops low, lighting the waves and the headland's silhouette. Fiery light breaks through dark clouds above layered, shadowed ridgelines. Sunset glows pink behind dark mountains and a quiet beach settlement. From above, boats and a skyline are silhouetted against a glowing harbour. Towering skyscrapers stand lit while a calm bay fades into warm evening light. A sprawling city glows with lights beneath a deep blue twilight sky. A wide view of city rooftops and apartment blocks settling into evening darkness. Sailboats dot the calm water before a shoreline of white apartment towers at sunset. A large modern hospital campus sits among dense wooded hills in golden evening light. A broad estuary flows toward the sea with a high-rise skyline along its shore. Tall modern skyscrapers rise beside a broad bay dotted with small boats at sunset. A long bridge spans the water as the city lights up under a fiery orange sunset. City towers and lit streets come alive as dusk deepens into night. A twilight aerial view of a coastal harbor dotted with moored boats and glowing city lights. A white Ford SUV parked beside a darker SUV in a leafy shore-side parking area. White coastal houses line the foot of a forested hill above a calm, mirror-still inlet. People stroll with a dog across a wide sandy beach beneath tall pines and a green headland. Two dark water birds stand on a sandy beach beside calm water and a green bank. Two dark water birds pause on a narrow sandy spit as green bush hugs the shore behind. A concrete bridge with streetlights spans a calm inlet beneath forested hills and a cloudy sky. Covered picnic shelters stand on a sandy beach behind a rocky breakwater and calm water. A sandy beach with dunes looks across calm water to a distant city skyline. A choppy grey sea stretches toward a distant skyline with a single swimmer in the water. Modern houses are tucked into a steep hillside covered in dense green trees. A yellow-roofed lifeguard tower stands on the beach with a white patrol vehicle and surfboards. A large craggy rock rises from a seaweed-strewn beach beside calm blue water. A person stands on a paddleboard on calm water with a tall city skyline far behind. A dark paddleboarder silhouette floats on the water before a sunset-lit city skyline. A yellow lifeguard lookout tower rises from a dune with a white patrol truck and surfboards nearby. A cluster of modern high-rise towers rises across the bay under a glowing golden sky. A wide sandy beach meets rolling surf, backed by tall apartment blocks and pines. A white Ford Everest SUV is parked in a gravel lot beside a boat trailer. A skyline of sunlit skyscrapers rises across the water from a sandy beach. A white Ford Everest drives along a tree-lined road beside a black muscle car. A leaning coastal tree overhangs a dark rock breakwater reaching into the sea. A long city skyline traces the far shore under a glowing band of sunset clouds. A large coastal tree rises from a rocky outcrop beside a bright blue sky. A tall dark stone memorial with flowers stands by the beach. A white motorboat cuts across calm water beneath a golden sky. A grassy park path curves beneath towers under a cloudy sky. Dolphins break the surface in front of a golden skyline. Dolphins glide through water with a distant hilly shore. A single dolphin surfaces in a wide golden sea. One dolphin breaks the water ahead of a quiet shoreline. A white boat floats as dolphins surface alongside it. A striking white building with organic pod shapes rises above a street lined with parked cars. Tall concrete pylons topped with a sign spelling EAST stand against a high-rise apartment building. A curving sandy beach meets foaming waves below a long breakwater that stretches into the sea. Surfers dot the rolling waves as a wooden pier and rock breakwater stretch across the dark water.
Journal Notes

General

This stretch of Queensland pairs two landscapes that lie close together yet could hardly be more different. Inland sits Blackbutt, a small rural town and locality in the South Burnett Region, set on the D’Aguilar Highway roughly 166 km north-west of Brisbane on the inland side of the Great Dividing Range, with the Blackall Range rising behind it. The 2021 census recorded a population of 799 for the locality, so it ranks as a service town for the surrounding farms and forests rather than as a settlement of any size. It is named for the blackbutt, Eucalyptus pilularis, a tall hardwood of the eucalypt family that is prized across south-eastern Australia and that gave the district its original reason for being.

To the east, as the country falls toward the sea, the motif shifts from timber and pasture to sand and tidewater. The coastal setting here is the Pumicestone Passage, a narrow mesotidal estuary around 45 km long running between Bribie Island and the mainland. Its northern end meets Caloundra and its southern end reaches Deception Bay, and eleven creeks feed the waterway from the mainland side. It is a sheltered, two-way tidal channel, deepest and widest at each of its ends, and it forms part of the Moreton Bay Marine Park, protected originally as Pumicestone Passage Marine Park in 1986. Bribie Island itself is a sand island, one of three large sand islands that shelter the northern reaches of Moreton Bay, about 34 km long and up to 8 km across. Its passage side is the calm side, fringed by white sandy beaches, while its ocean side carries only a small surf break, sheltered by Moreton Island beyond.

The two halves answer to very different conditions. Blackbutt is a place of forest and seasonal creeks: small in number, older in profile, and used to looking after its own, with a library, shops and a school serving a wide farming and timber district. It is a quiet, self-contained community, one of those rare settlements where the local economy turns on the land and the seasons rather than on any passing trade. Bribie’s southern end, by contrast, is a chain of settled suburbs such as Bongaree, Bellara, Woorim and Banksia Beach, reached from the mainland by a bridge since 1963, while the north of the island remains national park and plantation. The two read as one region but not as one life: the inland town keeps its distances, while the bayside lives with the tide.

What joins them is setting. Both fall under the same broad south-east Queensland climate, warm and humid in summer, dry and mild in the winter months, and both are watched over by the same range country that curves from the Great Dividing Range toward the sea. The contrast is what makes the pairing interesting, for here a traveller can go from a workaday timber town beneath forested ridges to a shallow, bird-packed estuary in a fairly short run of road. Few loops in the state pack in that much contrast so loosely, and fewer still set it against a backdrop that runs from ridgeline forest to mangrove shore in a single sweep of country.

History

The Blackbutt district lies within the traditional lands of the Wakka Wakka people. European settlement began here in 1842, when the Scott family established Taromeo Station as a pastoral run across the surrounding country. In 1887 the same family ceded land to found the two neighbouring towns of Blackbutt and Benarkin, and farms spread across the cleared flats in the years that followed. The discovery of gold in the area late in the nineteenth century drew more people and helped the young settlement grow.

It was timber that made Blackbutt. The town stands at the centre of a hardwood belt, and the blackbutt and ironbark forests around it were worked hard from the early 1900s. The district’s first sawmill was built by Lars Andersen in 1903, and further milling operations followed quickly, feeding the building trade across south-eastern Queensland. Blackbutt, Benarkin and nearby Yarraman are together known as the Timber Towns, and the Timbertown name lives on in local businesses and sporting teams. The railway line reached the district in 1911, but the station was set back from the town, so it took the name Benarkin instead; the two centres sit about 3.5 km apart and are still spoken of as the twin towns of Blackbutt-Benarkin. The line was closed in the 1980s and its bed now carries the Brisbane Valley Rail Trail through the district.

Education followed the timber. Blackbutt Provisional School opened in 1896 under teacher Rosa Bella Ryan and became Blackbutt State School in 1909, when it moved to its present, larger site in the town. A mid-century clock tower on the main street is now the town’s best-known landmark, and the wide streets and old shopfronts still speak of a place built on hardwood and rail. For a community its size, the town accumulated an unusual amount of civic fabric, much of it a direct result of the wealth the mills brought to the district. And when the mills slowed, the town showed the same stubbornness that had founded it: it kept its sports clubs, its schools and its streets, and in time the old rail route that once hauled away its timber came back as a leisure trail, carrying visitors into the heart of the Timber Towns rather than their goods out of it.

Across on the coast the record is older and marine. Bribie Island was home to the Djindubari people when Matthew Flinders came ashore from the Norfolk in 1799, in an encounter that ended in the skirmish remembered in the name Point Skirmish. James Cook had already sighted the Glass House Mountains from the water in 1770. A mission station was tried on the island in 1890 and abandoned within two years, and oyster stocks that had sustained local people for generations were worked out and their middens robbed for lime. During the Second World War the island was fortified, with Fort Bribie raised from 1939 to cover the Northwest Channel into Moreton Bay and a battery set at Skirmish Point. The island was bridged to the mainland in 1963, and Buckley’s Hole at the southern tip was declared an environmental park in 1992 for the sake of its birds.

Geology

Blackbutt sits on the inland flank of the Great Dividing Range, looking toward the Blackall Range from the country beneath them. The ground is hilly and well wooded, set in the valleys that drain into the Cooyar Creek, a tributary of the Brisbane River that rises toward the Bunya Mountains to the west. The same country carries the blackbutt and ironbark that anchored the timber trade; the well drained, gently rich soils of the hills are exactly what sustained the commercial forests, while the narrow valley floors hold seasonal creeks that often run dry and, in places, a lagoon or waterhole where a channel has been slowed or dammed by fallen timber. Dead trees standing in such waters have become a familiar feature of the cleared pastures.

Toward the coast the geology changes out of all recognition. Bribie Island is built from the same coastal sand found on the mainland, blown into two large, low-lying dunes that run toward the north-west. It is a wholly sandy accumulation, long and narrow, tapering to a spit at its northern point near Caloundra, with a calm lee shore on the passage side and a surf shore facing the ocean. The Pumicestone Passage is best understood as a mesotidal estuary, a two-way tidal channel in which the tide flows in from both ends; around eighty per cent of the water is less than two metres deep, which is why the shoals shift and the channel is so responsive to wind and tidal energy.

That shallow, sheltered water makes for a wide run of habitats packed close together. Intertidal sand and mud flats are bared at low tide, seagrass meadows spread across the shoals, and mangrove forests line the quiet shorelines of both the island and the mainland, their pneumatophores rising from the mud like a forest of small grey pencils. Saltmarsh sits behind the mangroves in places. Dunes, flats, seagrass beds and mangrove fringes together support the dugongs, dolphins and turtles that use the passage and the more than three hundred and fifty species of birds recorded across the island and the channel.

The coast here is young and moving. In January 2022, large waves from ex-Tropical Cyclone Seth cut through the narrow spit near the northern tip of the island and opened a fresh entrance to the passage, shifting the main channel and changing the tidal exchange that drives the waterway. Such breakthroughs are part of a shoreline built of loose sand, where dunes, bars and inlets are always being reshaped by storm, swell and tide. For the townspeople, the practical upshot is that the bar at the passage mouth fills with sand and the water at the northern end becomes more settled, a reminder that this coast has never quite finished taking its shape.

Things to See

Blackbutt is best seen on foot as a working bush town. The main street holds a run of heritage shopfronts and the mid-century clock tower that has become its landmark, and a supermarket storefront sits among the shops that serve the district. The old Hotel Radnor is one of the town’s familiar buildings, and the timber towns wear their history on their faces: wide verandas and corrugated iron on the Queenslander houses, many of them raised high on wooden stumps, stepping down a hillside among neat gardens. Outside the centre, a camp ground set among the trees makes for a quiet night under the eucalypts.

Beyond the town the country opens out. Dry creeks cross the paddocks, and after rain a roadside lagoon gathers water where the pale trunks of drowned trees stand in the still surface, bringing birds and stock to the water’s edge. The Brisbane Valley Rail Trail follows the old railway alignment and is open to walkers, cyclists and horse riders, and the Bunya Mountains and the wider South Burnett lie a short drive away. From the higher side of the district the Blackall Range gives the broadest views over the cleared country.

At the coast, the passage side of Bribie Island is the calm side and the easiest place to reach the water. The quiet beaches of Bongaree and Banksia Beach look across the channel to the mainland, and the wide mud and sand flats exposed at low tide are a feeding ground for birds: pelicans gather in the shallows, waders and plovers work the wet sand, and terns wheel overhead. A boardwalk through the mangroves lets you in among the pneumatophores without leaving the shoreline, while the waterfront park pavilions, the boats drawn up on the flats, the weathered fishing trawlers and the cruisers resting on a sloping bank all belong to this unhurried marine world. When the tide is out, the flats teem with small life and the air is full of calls carried off the mud.

For more birdlife and a gentler lookout, Buckley’s Hole is a haven for feathered life and a calm place to watch the passage. The surf side at Woorim is a different world again, open to the ocean, and the national park across the north of the island is the wildest part of it. A boat is the other way to read the passage: from the water, in a kayak, a small motor vessel or a quiet yacht, the creeks, the sand islands and the mangrove shores of this stretch of the Moreton Bay coast show themselves at their best. Closer to the shoreline, the open sand carries the tracks of shorebirds and the swell of the passage tells the strength of the tide much more honestly than any map. In the warmer months there is a good chance of seeing the dugongs that come into the shoals to feed on the seagrass, or a dolphin following the run of the tide. The mangrove edges shelter small crabs and mud-dwelling life that make the mudflats worth a second, slower look.

References

  1. www.sunshinecoast.qld.gov.au/environment/rivers-and-coast/pumicestone-passage-catchment
  2. www.discoverqueensland.com.au/plan-and-book/towns/blackbutt
  3. www.discoverqueensland.com.au/plan-and-book/towns/bribie-island
  4. www.sunshinecoast.qld.gov.au
  5. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackbutt,_Queensland
  6. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumicestone_Channel
  7. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bribie_Island
  8. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Burnett_Region
  9. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus_pilularis
  10. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bribie_Island_National_Park
  11. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moreton_Bay_Marine_Park
  12. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackall_Range
  13. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Dividing_Range
  14. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane_Valley_Rail_Trail