Lake Qarun, also known as Birket Qarun, is one of Egypt’s most ancient and ecologically significant natural lakes. Located in the heart of the Fayoum Depression about 80 kilometers southwest of Cairo, the lake lies at the intersection of human civilization, geology, and ecology. Once a vast freshwater body connected to the Nile, Lake Qarun has undergone dramatic transformations over thousands of years. Today, it is a saline, closed-basin lake covering approximately 214 square kilometers, though this surface area fluctuates with water management and climate conditions.
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