The levadas of Madeira represent one of the most extensive and historically significant water-management systems in the Atlantic island world. These linear irrigation channels traverse steep volcanic terrain, transporting water from the humid, high-precipitation regions of the island’s interior and northern slopes to drier agricultural zones, particularly along the southern coast. Beyond their technical function, levadas have profoundly shaped Madeira’s landscape, settlement patterns, and ecological structure and remain a defining feature of the island’s cultural and physical geography.
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