Livorno is a port city on the western coast of Tuscany, Italy, situated along the Ligurian Sea and forming an important maritime gateway between central Italy and the wider Mediterranean. Unlike many Tuscan cities with medieval origins, Livorno developed primarily as a planned port city and is characterized by a relatively modern urban layout, extensive harbor infrastructure, and strong links to maritime trade. The city lies on a low coastal plain bordered inland by gently rising hills, while its seafront is shaped by artificial quays, canals, and breakwaters rather than natural beaches. Livorno functions as a major commercial port, ferry terminal, and industrial center, while also serving as a residential city with a distinct cultural identity shaped by its port history.
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