Liguria is a coastal region in northwestern Italy, stretching along the Ligurian Sea between the French border to the west and Tuscany to the east. It is characterized by a narrow, crescent-shaped strip of land where steep mountains descend directly to the coastline, creating a strong contrast between marine and alpine environments. The region is bordered inland by the Maritime Alps and the Apennines, which limit the extent of lowland areas and have historically constrained settlement and transport. Liguria includes major urban centers such as Genoa, as well as numerous smaller coastal towns and villages. Its landscape is defined by rocky headlands, small coves, terraced slopes, and densely settled coastal plains, combined with a mild Mediterranean climate that has strongly influenced agriculture, vegetation, and patterns of habitation.
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